All factors

Excessive alcohol

Drinking 14 or more UK units a week (about 7 US drinks) was linked to shrinkage of the brain's memory centre. Even light drinking showed no protection.

Population risk0.5%
Evidence gradeCohort study

A large group of people followed for years or decades. Shows a real-world link, though not proof of cause by itself.

Why it matters

Reducing alcohol intake to moderate levels or below removes the excess risk. The brain recovers some function over months.

What to ask at the checkup

Ask about current alcohol intake and whether a reduction plan would help

Screening: Self-reported weekly drinks

Sources

Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: longitudinal cohort study

Topiwala A, Allan CL, Valkanova V et al.. BMJ, 2017.

Drinking about 7 or more US drinks a week was linked to shrinkage of the brain's memory centre, and even light drinking showed no protection.

Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission

Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY et al.. The Lancet, 2024.

Fourteen things people can change account for nearly half of dementia cases at the population level.

Routines for this factor

One fewer drink today

Have one fewer drink than usual, or swap one for sparkling water.

1 min, difficulty 2/3

This is research information, not medical advice. Nothing here replaces your parent's doctor.